Business Essays - nCipher Management Customer - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 12 Words: 3688 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? nCipher Management Customer 1 Introduction 1.1 Background nCipher is a well recognised and respected leader in providing encryption and key management solutions to public and private enterprises and institutions world wide. nCipher help the customers à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" many of whom are among the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s most security conscious organisations à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" to protect and secure their most sensitive information so as to achieve regulatory compliance, manage risk and stave off increasingly sophisticated attacks and threats. In so doing nCipher delivers the level of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“next generation controlà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  for data protection that is essential in the modern world. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Business Essays nCipher Management Customer" essay for you Create order nCipherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s customers range from the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s top three pharmaceutical companies, four out of five of the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s largest energy companies, more than half of the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s ten major aerospace and defence companies as well as nine out of ten of the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s largest banks. nCipher remains focused on further enhancing the performance and ease of deployment of key Authority, based on an increasing knowledge base of customer usage patterns and deployment scenarios. In addition nCipher are working hard to extend the range of third party products and system platforms that can be managed by key Authority. nCipher believe that these and other investments will position key Authority as one of the most comprehensive general purpose key management solutions on the market. 1.2 Companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s objectives and Operations nCipher remains concentrated on the application of cryptography to the real-world problems of identifying people and protecting their data, their business and the transactions, which occur between them. It operates and sells security products through a comprehensive network in the UK, Europe, Asia-Pacific Rim and the US. nCipher was named as a leader in the database encryption market by Forrester Research in its report entitled à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“The Forrester Wave: Database Encryption Solutions, Q3, 2005à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Identity Management of nCipher is the user management and provision enables clients to automate activities associated with user systems and digital identities, credentials and entitlements. Data protection suite gives security professionals the ability to secure information at the application, database, file or document level, providing defence in depth across multiple locations. Enterprise Key Management is nCipher delivers this to drive lower operational co sts and increased accountability by unifying and automating this critical aspect of security management. Cryptographic hardware platforms allow organizations to go beyond software based security techniques to secure encryption and signing keys, protect sensitive application code, prove the authenticity of documents and accelerate SSL operations. Symptoms, Problems and Issues 2005 witnessed a high increase in demand of data protection products and services. Several companies, including ChoicePoint, LexisNexis and Time Warner, announced their requirement for enhanced data protection. Due to Data Protection Act 1998 and the increasingly competitive market of on-line services, the industry of data protection will keep the emerging trend for years. As seen above, the operations of the company can serve the requirements of the market, ensuring the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s profitability. Mission of current nCipher The Board believes that the prospects for the core business of the Group in high end encryption hardware remain strong and continue to provide a solid foundation for future growth. The acquisition of the NeoScale product line strengthens the position in the rapidly evolving encryption market and gives us enhanced access to the storage security market. This, together with the emerging position in enterprise key management as well as now successfully established professional services team, is expected to deliver solid growth during 2008 and provide a stable platform for achieving the longer term aims. 1.3 nCipher classify as SME The definition of an SME used by the South West Ventures Fund is a business or company which has fewer than 250 employees and either an annual turnover not exceeding  £24 million or an annual balance sheet total not exceeding  £16 million; moreover 25% or more of the capital or the voting rights are not owned by one enterprise, or jointly by several enterprises falling outside this definition of an SME. nCipher was founded in Cambridge, UK, by Alex Dr. Nicko van Someren. Currently average Number of Employees (exc. directors) 2007 of nCipher is 193, and currently revenue of nCipher in 2007 increased by 14.8% to 24.2 m compared with 21.1 m last year. This has been achieved despite the impact of the weaker US dollar on nCipher revenue. At constant currency rates revenues would have increased by 20%. As part of a planned succession, nCipher co-founders Alex and Dr Nicko van Someren both stepped down from the Board on 31 December 2007, having retired from their resp ective positions as Chief Executive Officer and Chief Technology Officer. The Board would like to pay tribute to the major contribution that both Alex and Nicko have made to the successful development of the Group over the past 11 years. Impartment Events On 18 November 2005, the company completed the acquisition of preference shares of Abridean (US) Inc, representing a 61.3% voting interest. It will help nCipher deliver a broader portfolio of security solutions to customers. Following the end of 2005, the company received an Offer for the entire Ordinary share capital of nCipher at 300 pence per Ordinary share from SafeNet, Inc. The Board unanimously recommended this Offer. The offer would be made in 2006. The definition of an SME used by the South West Ventures Fund is a business or company which has fewer than 250 employees and either an annual turnover not exceeding  £24 million or an annual balance sheet total not exceeding  £16 million; moreover 25% or more of the capital or the voting rights are not owned by one enterprise, or jointly by several enterprises falling outside this definition of an SME. 2 Strategies 2.1 Market environment 2007 saw many high profile organisations suffer the fall out from unintentional loss or disclosure of confidential personal data. A major US retail chain reported the largest single loss of consumer data with some 45.6m credit and debit card records stolen from its payment processing and data storage systems, and the UK government revealed the loss of 25m child benefit records by HMRC, to name but two examples. Many of these customers have long embraced the power of cryptography and encryption, which they view as a strategic technology. Driven by compliance with privacy legislation, many newly regulated markets such as traditional retail, online merchants, healthcare and education present substantial new opportunities for nCipher. During the early development of nCipher, it followed the pattern of the wheel of retailing nCipher delivered the industrys first secure cryptographic accelerator nCipher completed IPO and was listed on the London Stock Exchange. nCipherà ¢ â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s key management solutions now provide a unifying force to encryption policies and deliver a tangible return on investment by automating what would otherwise represent an unacceptable burden of manual processes. The inherent flexibility of nCipherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s key management architecture enables it to tightly integrate with the embedded encryption functionality found in a host of third party products. By working closely with their technology partners nCipher assure the customers that as their needs evolve and as compliance requirements mature nCipherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s key management products will help address their continuing deployment challenges. nCipher continuously invests in the evolution of its product portfolio to ensure that the highest levels of compatibility and technical standards are maintained. As previously announced, nCipher will continue to increase the investment in research and development. 2.2 Market orientation The mission-critical role that nCipherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s products play for many of customers requires us to provide a high quality, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“round the clockà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  global support and maintenance service. As the Groupà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ s product portfolio has expanded to include more complex software-oriented solutions, the opportunity has also arisen to provide a range of configuration, customisation, implementation and contract development services. In the past, nCipher has delivered professional services through a number of partnerships around the world with organisations that are specialists within their respective fields. nCipher have recently established an in-house professional services capability to supplement these external resources and to provide technical services for which nCipher is uniquely qualified. nCipher expect this part of business to continue to grow and become a valuable contributor to revenue in due course. The marketing theories will be used in this essay include: the wheel of retailing, the big middle theory, product lifecycle, retail lifecycle, targeting, segmenting and positioning, and other branding-related theories. This report will be concentrate on few main areas including: Retail change, product and retail lifecycle, positioning and other branding-related issues. It attempts to answer the following questions: What factors made Gap success, How Gap evolved from a small company to a multi-national retailing institution, and What caused Gapà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s fail? With the increased globalisation affect and the improvement of peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s living standards. The fasting changing fashion market make the cloth industry life cycle become much shorter. Products quickly enter into the decline stage after their introduction Therefore, it is suggested that companies in this highly competitive industries with relatively short product life cycle can be revitalised only by product differentiatio n and market segmentation, these are the main challenges that nCipher faces up to. (Value based management.net, 2007) nChipher has been criticised for its fail to keep à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"in contactà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ with fashion trends and other innovative competitors, this has resulted in fail to retain or acquire customers. (Newman, 2003) nCipher is a world leader in IT security, specialising in data encryption, helping to protect critical enterprise data for customers who are among the worlds most security-conscious organisations. By delivering solutions in the fields of credential management, data protection, enterprise key management and cryptographic hardware, nCipher enables businesses to control who can access sensitive data, to protect that data whether in transit or at rest, and to achieve compliance with the growing number of legaland privacy-driven regulations. As currently research (e.g., Liu 2005; Verhees and Meulenberg 2004) shown, compared with larger firms, SMEs t end to be more reluctant to adopt a marketing approach mainly because of a lack of resources and skills. In particular, since SMEs usually lack marketing specialists and their owners managers are usually the sole decision makers, the choice to adopt a marketing approach relies on what they think marketing is and their expectancies about the consequences of the adoption of such an approach in their organizations. Probably a more comprehensive and precise way to analyse the nCipherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s current issue is by examining the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Big Middleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  theory. The Big Middle theory, shows below, is defined as the market space in which the largest retailers compete in the long run, because there is where the largest number of potential customers reside. (Levy, 2005) According to this concept, a retailer exists in one of the four segments: Innovative, Low-Price, Big Middle and In-Trouble. Retailers tend to start within either Innovative or Low-Price segments . The Innovative ones target at quality-conscious market, in which they provide premium products and services, such as Dixon. The Low-Price retailers, such as PC world, target at price-conscious market, in which they provide economical and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Value-for-moneyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  products and services. 2.3 Market segmentation Primary reporting format à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" business segments The Group operates in a single reportable business segment: the development and resale of internet security products, services and technologies. Secondary reporting format à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" geographical segments For management purposes, the Group is currently organised into three geographical areas à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Asia; Europe, Middle East and Africa; and North and South America. These geographical segments are the basis on which the Group reports its primary segment information. Goodwill has been allocated to the single business segment of the Group. The Group tests goodwill annually for impairment or more frequently if there are indications that goodwill might be impaired. The Group prepares cash flow forecasts derived from the most recent financial budgets approved by management for the next five years and extrapolates cash flows for the following seven years based on an estimated growth rate of 9%. The Directors consider that this rate does not exceed the average long term growth rate for the relevant markets. The Group operates in a single reportable business segment: the development and resale of internet security products, services and technologies. However, for internal management reporting purposes, revenue and cost of sales are split between products and services. Accordingly, turnover and gross profit are reported below (see analysis by type) as if the Group has two classes of business. Below gross profit there is no split between products and services for internal reporting purposes, and accordingly no further analysis is disclosed. For management purposes, the Group is currently organised into three geographical areas à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å" Asia; Europe, Middle East and Africa; and North and South America.These geographical segments are the basis on which the Group reports its primary segment information. The following table provides an analysis of the Groupà ƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s revenue and result by geographical region, irrespective of the origin of the goods/services. Marketing as an essential ingredient in strategic planning, indeed the 4Ps concept, as first envisaged by McCarthy (1960), was intended to serve as a à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“convenience descriptionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  of the total marketing activity. Marketing needs to be considered, also, from the corporate level (Assael, 1985). Frantz (1978) suggests a capsule description of the small business marketing strategy development process, namely appreciation of small businesses limitations; identification of target market(s); and development of a marketing mix. He further proposes that small firms should adopt the overall marketing orientation, use low cost marketing research methods, and utilize personal selling activities to market their products. nCipherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s business strategy remains unchanged: to exploit its strong reputation and market share in the encryption hard ware market (clearly underlined by the OFTà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s earlier ruling) to develop a portfolio of complete solutions for enterprise data protection requirements, encompassing management of the identity of authorised data users and protection of the sensitive data itself, whilst in transit and at rest. A report from Forrester Research, Inc2. Highlights the need for companies to make it a priority to protect data, no matter where it may reside. Business and security pressures are forcing the industry to adopt a more à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“data-centricà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚  approach in which information classification and encryption become central components of IT security. The market orientation characterized by Narver and Slater (1990) consists of a customer orientation, competitor orientation, inter functional coordination, long-term horizon and profit emphasis. The key to achieving organizational goals is to be more effective than competitors in integrating marketing activities towar ds determining and satisfy the needs and wants of target markets. The management team identified two long-term goals for nCipher; profitability and high growth. The marked increase in profits this year has clearly demonstrated the commitment to the first of these priorities. Achieving high growth demands that the team aggressively pursue potential opportunities, whether through organic growth or through acquisitions and joint ventures in closely aligned markets and technologies. The nCipher Board believes that good growth opportunities exist within the markets in which nCipher operates and the Board intends to work towards maximizing shareholder value in nCipher by focusing on additional growth opportunities and driving further operational improvements in the business. nCipherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s strategy remains focused on expanding from the current business of selling cryptographic key management products, towards broader solutions that protect critical enterprise data. Th e team believe that with this strategy nCipher is well-positioned to exploit a number of high-growth market developments within the broad IT security arena and this gives the Board confidence in the companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s future as an independent entity. 2.4 nCipher Strategy Since its founding in 1996, nCipher has focused exclusively on enabling its customers to address the challenges associated with deploying encryption and other security technologies based on cryptography. Through nCipher extensive engagements with some of the worldà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s most security conscious organisations in the banking and government sectors, nCipher has established an enviable reputation and valuable core expertise. This positions the Company well to respond to a rapidly evolving market and to build on its leadership position as an enabling force within the industry. nCipherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s strategy remains unchanged. The company management team are exploiting the position as globally respected experts in the deployment and use of encryption to protect critical enterprise data. nCipher offer an increasingly broad range of solutions to control who can access sensitive data, to protect that data whether in transit or at rest, and to achieve compliance with the growing number of legal-and privacy-driven regulations. As previously announced, during the first half of 2007 nCipher have taken steps to increase investment in Research and Development still further, and the impact of this will begin to be felt in the second half of the year. Such investment is intended to enable us to develop new solutions to meet customersà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ requirements for credential management and data protection, whilst continuing to evolve existing products for enterprise key management and cryptographic hardware still further. nCipher continuously invests in the evolution of its product portfolio to ensure that the highest levels of compatibility and technical standards are maintained. nCipher products undergoing validation for Common Criteria security approval nCipherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s family of industry-leading nShieldà ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢ HSMs has begun the process of Common Criteria evaluation. nCipher keyAuthority gains integration support for I BM System i (AS/400) Taking advantage of encryption has always been a particular challenge on platforms such as System I where there has been a reliance on manual techniques for the management of cryptographic keys. Professional services The mission-critical role that nCipherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s products play for many of the customers requires us to provide a high quality, à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"round the clockà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢, global support and maintenance service. As the Companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s product portfolio has expanded to include more complex software-oriented solutions there has been a growing opportunity to provide a range of configuration, customisation, and contract development services. Geographic focus On a geographic basis, nCipher are investing in carefully targeted expansion on a global scale. In North America nCipher are focused on strategic growth initiatives, including expanding the sales presence, leveraging the former NeoScale channels as well as existing partnerships and other business development opportunities. nCipherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s keyAuthority product delivers automated, scalable and highly available key management services for encryption and other cryptographic functions across the enterprise. nCipherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s enterprise key management solution addresses some of the fundamental deployment challenges that arise as organisations seek to protect sensitive information as it is stored and processed. nCipherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s keyAuthority replaces error prone manual key management processes, reducing cost, complexity and therefore risk. nCipher now consider that the global commercial opportunity directly related to the Groupà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s experti se and technologies is both more substantial and growing more rapidly than has previously been predicted, nCipher have, therefore, set ourselves the target to double sales over the next three years and are making significant additional investment this year to improve all aspects of business. nCipher will invest only in the right mix of products and services -those with the highest potential return on investment and will have the sales and marketing structure and skills in place to maximise sales. 3. Strengths and Weaknesses 3.1 Strengths 3.2Weaknesses SMEs have unique characteristics that differentiate them from conventional marketing in large organisations (e.g. Carson, 1990). These characteristics may be determined by the inherent characteristics and behaviours of entrepreneur or owner/manager; and they may be determined by the inherent size and stage of development of the enterprise. Such limitations can be summarized as: limited resources (such as finance, time, and marketing knowledge); lack of specialist expertise (owner-managers tend to be generalists rather than specialists); and limited impact in the marketplace. The stages/growth model suggests that any model of small firm marketing must take into account the stage of development of the business. (Carson, 1985; Tyebjee et al., 1983) This provides a useful framework, and also a starting point, for further analysis. However, there are two major assumptions for the stages/growth model: a necessary change in the business and marketing practices of the owner or the enter prise to enable the progression of the business from one stage to the next; and the awareness, aptitude and ability of the owner manager to deal with the different problems encountered at each of the stages. The major contribution of the management function approach is the acknowledgement of marketing as both an important function and an essential concept in small firm growth and survival. However, putting marketing solely as a business function is criticised vigorously by Baker (1985a) and King (1985). Moreover, owner-managers simplify and misconceive marketing as the 4Ps only (Carson, 1993). This may be due to the difficulties in understanding and implementing marketing (Baker and Hart, 1989). According to some researchers (King, 1985; Scase and Goffee, 1980), managers, including owner managers, do not perceive marketing as a means of solving their everyday business problem. Ames (1970) and Brooksbank et al. (1992b) Market risk The Group and Companyà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s activities expose it primarily to the financial risks of exchange rates but comments are also made below on interest rate management. The Groupà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s exposure, primarily based on US dollars, comes from its US based subsidiary and also an element of trading in US dollars in the Asia Pacific region. As currently research (e.g., Liu 2005; Verhees and Meulenberg 2004) shown, compared with larger firms, SMEs tend to be more reluctant to adopt a marketing approach mainly because of a lack of resources and skills. In particular, since SMEs usually lack marketing specialists and their owners managers are usually the sole decision makers, the choice to adopt a marketing approach relies on what they think marketing is and their expectancies about the consequences of the adoption of such an approach in their organizations. 4. Recommendation Due to the limitations which are mentioned before, the network working approach can help SMEs to solve those kind problems. Networking occurs as a natural and inherent entrepreneurial activity. An SME owner-managers personal contact network will be represented by people who can help the entrepreneur in arriving at decisions for the wellbeing of the enterprise. The network approach and various theoretical concepts related to it have sometimes been referred to as an emerging, postmodern paradigm in inter organizational exchange and industrial marketing research (cf. Cova, 1994; Johanson and Mattsson, 1994). Network theory differs considerably from traditional North-American marketing theory originally based on microeconomics and consumer marketing research. The empirical study highlighted that there is considerably more communication between the SME owner/manager and his/her competitors than is widely reported in the literature. Owner/managers may communicate with competing firms and often are quite supportive of each other. Indeed, many owner/managers claimed to know their competitors personally, and would have no hesitation in contacting them for help or advice.

Standardized Testing and Teacher Cheating - 1640 Words

In the contemporary American education system high-stakes standardized testing has resulted in a focus on extensive test preparation, as well as a large increase in the numbers of teachers cheating by alternating their students test scores. Both these phenomena are a direct consequence of the incentives and punishments directly linked to standardized test results. Many teachers have taken acceptable measures in improving their students’ scores, such as simply â€Å"teaching to the test†, and taking class time to teach test taking techniques and procedures often resulting in a significant loss in time for other important standards and benchmarks that are not tested on. Taking a deontologist stance, one would propose that the teachers are†¦show more content†¦Also, these methods of test score fluctuation results in a false impression of the schools educational quality. Many parents seek to send their children to a highly ranked school district – often judged by standardized test scores – however, when educators partake in test day activities that raise their reputation as a â€Å"great teacher†, they are misrepresenting the true value of their classroom, and parents are sending their children into a classroom with high expectations in mind, and are ultimately being misled and deceived. This cycle also results in honest schools and districts loosing high performing students to these cheating misrepresented schools, causing the authentic schools test scores to lower, and for its funding to eventually be cut. There are several courses of actions that would result in a level playing field for districts. One view states that all teachers should instruct and prepare the students by the standard benchmarks, and rest assure that come test day they will succeed to the best of their ability, and it will be an accurate representation of their teaching abilities. This method assumes that the standardized test is an ultimate accurate representation of the material a student should have mastered. Another method that could be defended by utilitarianism is that all educators should do everything they can to help the student achieve a high test score; resulting in higher funding for all schoolShow MoreRelatedStandardized Testing Is A Common Routine Part Of Their School Year1202 Words   |  5 Pagesof all ages across the United States, standardized testing has become a common routine part of their school year. 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Medea Reflectiv Statement Free Essays

Ana Maksimovic IB English 11/ 3 Per. Ms Bachmann 03/11/2012 335 Words Reflective Statement Medea has lot information that is often not conspicuous to the reader. In Medea the place and time play a big role. We will write a custom essay sample on Medea Reflectiv Statement or any similar topic only for you Order Now The place matters because of the events that happen. The events are related to Gods and gods were mainly famous in Greece. If you would change the place the meaning of gods would lose its importance. Time is always relevant because the play was written a long time ago and it shows how life was back then. Nowadays the country people live in is owned by the state; however this was not always the case. Back in the time there were individual kings who had the power over their whole land/country. Hard to understand was when the characters in the play referred to goddesses. If someone doesn’t know what the God stands for it was a bit confusing. Also easy for me to understand was the role of women. Not that I understand that they don’t have the same right but if you compare the equality between women and men now it is easy follow the concept how it was in Greece a long time ago. Definitely the role of women can still be related to nowadays even if the equality between men and women got better; it is still not on the same level even if it should. Also the fact that the children stay with their mom when the dad leaves kind of reminds me of today in the society. A really big connection between today and Medea is that men had the power over a country. They used to own their own country but that hasn’t changed that much because most presidents are still male. The technique of using the voice of the population during speeches or just conflicts is very interesting. This kind of technique shows you what the other people think and it also makes the conflict more clear and understanding. Also the way Euripides uses the dramatic irony gives the whole play the final touch. How to cite Medea Reflectiv Statement, Essay examples

Enhancement Of Leadership In SMEs Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Enhancement Of Leadership In SMEs. Answer: Introduction The enhancement of leadership in SMEs is built on the personal involvement of the managers and the owners and that they should be passionate about their business, making use of the approach called, tough love. A tough love generally describes the situation when the leaders should not be tolerating people who are not equipped in contributing to the business success. On the contrary, a leaders should be prepared in looking after the people with issues, so long as the action of the employees would not be killing the business. The leaders or the managers should be able to recruit an enhanced workforce having a better work ethic and then enhancing the workforce through proper training, pathways of career and apprenticeships (Romanowska, Larsson Theorell, 2014).. Summary As per the findings of the researcher, it can be stated that communication is one of the essential parts of enhancement in leadership in SMEs. For a leader, communication is generally stated to be an association and inspiration and not just a diffusion of the information. Communication is stated to be complex for structuring configuration and implementing strategy. It is often been stated to be the most challenging skills as it is easy to say but while doing it does not seem that easy. A leader who does not communicate with their employees on regular basis generally jeopardizes the overall process. Sharing of information is stated to be a critical factor. A leader needs to communicate clearly on the strategies of the organization, direction and speed along with the outcomes. However, other important things include the way the leaders actually communicate and the manner they present themselves to their subordinates, like humbly, confidently and passionately. As an effective leader it is important to inspire others through the actions and words and leaders should have the habit of listening and observing before they speak anything to anyone. Communication has the ability to guide and convince along with inspiring others. A leader must be willing to disclose more of him, letting others see the soul. If he restrains himself, he will be undermining his effectiveness as a leader with his followers should be drifting towards the sidelines. Leadership in SMEs is stated to be one of the awkward domains as it needs one to participate as a leader and boss at the same time. Formalized sort of leadership in SMES requires being concerned along with working towards the vision designated for tomorrow (Arend, 2014). However, it can be concluded that even the leaders of SMEs required a dependable and talented bunch of people that believes in the organizational values and is eager in defending them. The way a company would be performing in the short and long-term can rest on the SME individuals that requires the decisions to be taken in care along with proper understanding, particularly when the organization is experiencing growth. It can also be concluded that the job outline of a leader in SME might come packed with concern and work for many things like allocation of resources, talent, finances and engagement. Once these SMEs are able to recognize their style of leadership, and are much willing to acclimatize and evolving with t he job issues, enabling much consistency driving of a business that can be heartily educative, satisfying and knowledgeable. In a SME it is the people who are the business, so recruiting of right people becomes an imperative factor. However, it has been seen and can be concluded that SMEs often work with restricted financial resources and limited material and one in four of the businesses highlight the fact that recruiting of skilled staff as one of the barriers to development. Moreover, it has also been seen that the strictness of the leaders, especially in SMEs is not always good for the employees and the organization. Employees tend to go into a shell and do not always express themselves for the betterment of the organization. As per the survey being conducted by the researcher, it can be concluded that employees want their leaders to be open in conversation and the way he feels about going along with the business (Winit et al., 2017). It is important for the leaders to set themselves as examples so that the employees are able to look up to them and idolize them for a better show. It can also be concluded that the environment of SMEs differ from that of the bigger organizations and as such, various departments need to be positioned on the factors of training and sustaining provision. Any sort of program that is to be targeted at the SMEs requires flexibility, having a stronger practical foundation, coming from a realistic source and having a assessable impact within the organization. The SME leaders needs to be motivated in participating through the process of recognition and making use of their existing skills along with the experience element. The provision of leadership development for SMEs needs to frame upon the present skills and preparing the present managers for the improvement of the next generation of leaders. The main emphasis should always be on the development of the skill factor like time management along with strategic thinking where the delivery of training should be elastic and informal (Leitch, McMullan Harrison, 2013). For employees it is important that their leaders give them suggestions from time to time. It is important for the leaders to get involved with his employees and provide them suggestion on regular basis so that his employees understand the importance and attention the leader provides on the work proceedings in SMEs. SMEs have the ability in nurturing the talent that is based on the growth factor through encouraging of the creativity along with learning by its employees. It has been found that SMEs would be providing it employees with many opportunities for stepping out of their regular jobs in developing the skills of the leadership, not through attending workshops and seminars, but through fostering of the development of collaboration across the various departments, disciplines and functions in which the invention of the idea is the main schedule. SMEs often find themselves in situations where they lack any sort of financial resources and they become generally unenthusiastic to invest in those sort of projects unless they are having any sort of lucid understanding of the advantages. Successful leadership development programs need to be an integral part of the SMEs. For such programs to be thriving, the SMEs need to persuade attendance of their employees to attend such programs. Certain quick win rudiment has the aptitude in showcasing direct benefit of the agenda along with the commitment of low finance. It is, therefore preferable for the SME leaders to go for programs that are of low cost or even free , during the preliminary stages, even that becomes a matter of self-funding. Recommendations: Nature and Shape of changes in leadership as organization matures: The nature of the effectual leadership is generally fluid, based on the size and transition period of the organization. The things that can be attained through the process of inspiration along with the factor of charisma of the individual leader at the stage of entrepreneurial of the growth of SME would be formalizing in gaining the strategic focus (M. Stoffers et al., 2014). It is important for the SME leaders along with the other people responsible for the management of people in SMEs need considering the sort of leadership style their organization requires at every stage of transition (Arham, 2014). Furthermore, other factors are also to be considered like the capacity of the SME to support the leadership. It is important to understand the true meaning of leadership in the context of the organization. No right no wrong in leadership style: Effective leaders of the SMEs state that leading others has been a balancing act. Various contexts would be requiring them for applying of the various styles of leadership, and it is an essential factor for taking in the standpoint of the business and that of the people in making a decision that does not hamper long-term presentation (Suriyankietkaew Avery, 2014). Effective leaders under all circumstances would be taking in every possible opportunity in stepping back and facilitating their people in taking the lead. SME leaders need to think in creative manner about practices of people management: It is significant in learning from the experiences of the other people, not all the accessible practices of people management needs to be simulated. SMEs need to avoid structuring of the empires of the corporate world and using the solutions of the innovative people management for retaining the suppleness of their organizations (DeKrey Portugal, 2014).. Certain factors that need to be taken into consideration are the present barriers to alertness in the organization. It is important for the leaders in identifying the key or important influencers in the business who have the ability in overcoming the challenges or the barriers. SME leaders should not be having all the answers: Taking the nature of leadership on whole, the responsibility of the individual or the team at the organization top develops, needing application of various skills. During the initial stages of growth of the SMEs or during the crisis hours, it is easier with those having the responsibility of the formal leadership in adopting the hands-on approach, mainly if they are proverbial with the task at hand. However, it needs to be understood that one of the important roles of leadership or leaders is in transferring knowledge and growing leaders within the boundaries of the organization, needing a bigger emphasis on the empowerment factor. In this the factors that are required to be considered are the skill-set required at the top of the organization and the ways those skills can be urbanized from the outside of the organization. SME leaders do not know what they do not know: The findings have been showing that with the growth of the organization, the leaders have been discovering fresh challenges or issues of the leadership along with the management of people that they might not have experienced before. It is significant in considering the external standards of the business and learning from other SMEs that are performing better in understanding the leadership style and the particular organization (Laforet, 2013). The factors that are required to consider are the opportunities available for gaining the perception of what the other companies are being doing. It is also important to identify or recognize the challenges instead of learning about the quick fixes. Limitations of Study: All research has its own limitations. The capability of the study to recognize its limitations is part of the research undertakings strength. There have been various limitations with due regards to what has been accumulated, evaluated, accessible and discussed within this study. These sorts of limitations have been recognized in this part. The study has been relying on the self-reported data from the single sneaks. The informants within this study might be exaggerating their assessment of the behavior of leaders along with the performance of the organization. According to the current literature review, the self-assessment of the behavior of leaders generally tends to be more exaggerated than the other relevant sources. This study has been much generalized though SMEs does boast of various sub-categories. An in-depth analysis of the other industries along with the major differences between those sub-categories existing within the industries in respect to the behavior of the leadership along with the performance of the organization might be able to provide an opportunity for the purpose of future research. Another limitation of this research study has been the time factor and the cost factor. Due to limitation in time the research could not be conducted in-depth and moreover the cost factor played its role in limiting the research work of the researcher. If the time and cost factor would have been dealt with the research would have been more fruitful, enabling the researcher to take more time and look for other factors in evaluating the enhancement of leadership in SMEs. SMEs have been encouraging and rewarding the risk factor by its employees while undertaking such major projects. SMEs are required to reevaluate the conventional approach in development of talent where a company has been recognizing a pool of leaders who would come well in future is basically being driven by the trait theory. It signifies the fact that if the organizational leaders or management people are being able to recognize people having skills of inherent leadership, one can even guide them into the roles of the leaders. Directions for Future Research: The research findings of this particular research study would be offering various opportunities for the purpose of future research. It has been hoped that despite the limitations, the study findings would be able to indicate directions for additional research study. The key suggestion for the future research crops up from the improvement of the proposed framework for the organizational accomplishment of SMEs. Other future possibilities of research might arise from the study limitations as has been formerly been conversed. A longitudinal study would be enabling a bigger understanding of the process of entrepreneurial along with leadership as it could be measuring the effects of the leadership along with the improvement of the entrepreneurial ventures during certain times. Thus, it can be stated it would be providing key information about the possible variations in the performance as an organization makes its move through the various phases. It is also being recommended that the exploration of the applicability by the future research of the framework of entrepreneurial success within the context of various industries and country, especially in case of another developing nation. The findings of such research would be further testing the applicability theory of John Kotter. Another thing that can be recommended for future research work is considering exploration of the leaders of SME from the perspectives of the managers. A comparative analysis of the efficient leadership between the results accessed from the leaders themselves along with the perception of the employees might manufacture a better understanding of the ways the SMEs could perform which can be further improved or developed. Finally, an examination of the behavior of leadership as the factor stage has the ability to augment and develop a healthier understanding of the factorial possessions of the leadership on the performance of the organizations. In this study, it has been found that certain factors like motivation, communication along with idealized influence have been professed to be accomplished more than some of the other factors by the SME leaders. Therefore, a detailed study at the extent of the factor could offer empirical findings with the implications for detailed leadership that is to be offered for the development if the entrepreneurship within the country. References: Arend, R. J. (2014). Entrepreneurship and dynamic capabilities: how firm age and size affect the capability enhancementSME performancerelationship.Small Business Economics,42(1), 33-57. Arham, A. (2014). The relationship between leadership behaviour, entrepreneurial orientation and organisational performance in Malaysian small and medium enterprises. DeKrey, S. J., Portugal, E. J. (2014). Strategic sensemaking: Challenges faced by a new leader of an SME.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,150, 56-65. Laforet, S. (2013). Organizational innovation outcomes in SMEs: Effects of age, size, and sector.Journal of World business,48(4), 490-502. Leitch, C. M., McMullan, C., Harrison, R. T. (2013). The development of entrepreneurial leadership: The role of human, social and institutional capital.British Journal of Management,24(3), 347-366. Stoffers, J., IJM Van der Heijden, B., LA Notelaers, G. (2014). Towards a moderated mediation model of innovative work behaviour enhancement.Journal of organizational change management,27(4), 642-659. Romanowska, J., Larsson, G., Theorell, T. (2014). An art-based leadership intervention for enhancement of self-awareness, humility, and leader performance.Journal of Personnel Psychology. Suriyankietkaew, S., Avery, G. C. (2014). Leadership practices influencing stakeholder satisfaction in Thai SMEs.Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration,6(3), 247-261. Winit, W., Winit, W., Kantabutra, S., Kantabutra, S. (2017). Sustaining Thai SMEs through perceived benefits and happiness.Management Research Review,40(5), 556-577.

Income Inequality Essays - Social Inequality,

Income Inequality Income inequality in the United States remained relatively stable for a period of nearly forty years. Beginning in the 1970's, however, this period of stability ended, as the first signs of widening income inequality became apparent. Over the course of the 1970's and 1980's, an increasingly clear trend toward greater income inequality emerged. By the end of the 1980's, the top 20 percent of workers were receiving the largest share of income ever recorded by government figures, and the bottom three fifths were receiving the lowest shares ever recorded. This trend has continued into the 1990's and currently shows no signs of decline. When the indicators of growing inequality were first observed in the 1970's, some researchers argued that the effects were merely temporary artifacts of short-term labor market disturbances. By the end of the 1980's, however, a long-term trend towards increasing inequality had clearly emerged, pointing instead to inflexible changes in the occupational structure itself. The new occupational structure appeared to be one with an increase of well-paid technical, scientific, and professional jobs at the top, a"sliding" middle class, and a growing poorly-paid service and retail jobs at the bottom. Several important labor-force changes appeared to be contributing to the shifting occupational structure. As occupational reconstructing and growing income inequality became increasingly evident, a heated debated as to the causes and magnitude of these changes arose. Two dominant bodies of thought emerged around the issue: the "job-skill mismatch" thesis and the "polarization" thesis. Mismatch theorists argue that there is an increasing distance between the high skill requirements of post-industrial jobs and the inadequate training and mediocre qualifications of workers. They see the post-industrial economy leaving behind unskilled workers, especially women and minorities. For the mismatch theorist, the trend toward greater inequality is temporary and will dissipate once the supply of workers acquires the skills demanded by a post-industrial economy. And they predict that the overall distribution of workers will experience and upgrading in their wages over the long run. Polarization theorists, on the other hand, believe that the rise in inequality is permanent, a result of the shift to a service-based economy. This vision of the post-industrial economy is characteristically polarized. The problem according to these theorists, is the type of jobs being generated in the new economy, not worker attributes. Because they believe the causes are structural and permanent, polarization theorists would deny the efficacy of public policies designed to educate and train unskilled workers. They predict a long-term continuation of the trend towards increasing income inequality. Studies show that the long run increase in income inequality is also related to changes in the Nation's labor market and its household composition. The wage distribution has become considerable more unequal with more highly skilled, trained, and educated workers at the top experiencing real wage gains and those at the bottom real wage losses. One factor is the shift in employment from those goods-producing industries that have disproportionately provided high-wage opportunities for low-skilled workers, towards services that disproportionately employ college graduates, and towards low-wage sectors such as retail trade. But within industry shifts in labor demand away from less-educated workers are perhaps a more important explanation of eroding wages than the shift out of manufacturing. Also cited as putting downward pressure on the wages of less-educated workers are intensifying global competition and immigration, the decline of the proportion of workers belonging to unions, the decline in the real value of the minimum wage, the increasing need for computer skills, and the increasing use of temporary workers. At the same time, long-run changes in living arrangements have taken place that tends to provoke differences in household incomes. For example, divorces and separations, births out of wedlock, and the increasing age at first marriage have led to a shift away from married-couple households and toward single-parent and non-family households, which typically have lower incomes. Also, the increasing tendency over the period for men with higher-than-average earnings to marry women with higher-than-average earnings has contributed to widening gap between high-income and low-income households.

How to Make Bubbles That Dont Pop

How to Make Bubbles That Don't Pop If youre tired of bubbles that pop as soon as you blow them, try this recipe for unbreakable bubbles! Now, its still possible to break these bubbles, but they are much stronger than regular soap bubbles. Examples of bubbles that truly wont pop include plastic bubbles, which are essentially small balloons. This recipe makes bubbles using a sugar polymer to accomplish much the same result. Unbreakable Bubble Recipe 3 cups of water1 cup liquid dishwashing detergent (Joy is a good choice)1/2 cup white corn syrup Simply stir the ingredients together to make the bubble solution. You can use dark corn syrup just as easily as white corn syrup, but the solution will be colored. Also, you can add food coloring or glow paint to color the bubbles. You can substitute another type of sticky syrup. Expect changes in color and odor. Heres another easy bubble recipe: 3 cups water1 cup dishwashing liquid1/2 cup glycerin Getting the Biggest, Strongest Bubbles If you blow bubbles and they dont seem strong enough, you can add more glycerin and/or corn syrup. The best amount of glycerin or corn syrup depends on the dish soap you use, so the recipe is a starting point. Feel free to adjust the ingredient measurements. If you use ultra dishwashing liquid, youll probably need to add more syrup or glycerin. If you are having trouble getting big bubbles, you might want to use distilled water rather than tap water. Also, bubble recipes benefit from sitting for several hours or overnight before use. Glowing Bubbles If you break open a yellow highlighter and allow the ink to soak into the water, the resulting bubble solution and bubbles will glow under a black light. Another option is to use tonic water in place of regular water. The tonic water bubbles will glow pale blue under a black light. For brighter glowing bubbles, you can add glow pigment to the bubble mixture. However, the pigment becomes suspended in the solution rather dissolves, so the bubbles wont last as long or get as large. Coloring Bubbles Bubbles consist of a thin liquid film over a gas (air). Because the liquid layer is so thin, its hard to color bubbles. You can add food coloring or dye, but dont expect the color to be really noticeable. Also, the pigment molecules are large and will weaken the bubbles so they wont be as big or last as long. Its possible to color bubbles, but you may not like the results. Your best bet is to substitute a water-based dye in place of water in the bubble recipe. Blow colored bubbles outdoors because they will stain surfaces and clothing. Bubble Clean Up As you might guess, bubbles made using corn syrup  are sticky. They will clean up with warm water, but its best to blow bubbles outdoors or in a bathroom or kitchen so you wont have to un-stick your carpet or upholstery. The bubbles wash out of clothing.

History question Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

History question - Coursework Example He wanted to restore law and order in the country which ensures people stays harmoniously and also championed for what was perceived as morally right in Vietnam traditions was among his achievements. This made him popular hence could go to achieve a lot more. There was constitutional crisis in the region which Nixon worked hard to restore. Presidential elections had been marred by corruption and rigging, which Nixon ensured no more of that when the then South Dakota senator George McGovern was elected as the president democratically. In 1964, Nixon was more popular than even the president as he had 60.7% votes except Massachusetts where he came second. Democrats also required good representations in their states which were to gather for women and youths in their states. Grass root conservative movement emergence was brought by a number of issues. Lyndon Jonson victory in 1964 election results significantly mastermind rise of conservative movements as people didn’t believe there was transparency. There were also grassroots movements unions which were growing which had enabled Barry Goldwater win nominations. These unions comprises middle class men and women from south and west, college students and young Americans who were fighting for freedom as they believe justice were not done during election. Some states were dominated by white people, who were highly skilled; strong economically with high security had angered the minority which took it as discrimination as they were not given same opportunities. Women changing roles were also his concern as he aligned himself with those who were against the idea. Nixon main area of concern was at racial discrimination, poverty and equality among the citizens. This made his famous among the middle and law class who were feeling the pressure as he fought for their rights. Through this, he manages to come out stronger which later became the base of his political

Case analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Case analysis - Essay Example Consequently, if Adam looses trust and faith in her superior, Janet, the same will happen to Adams juniors. Thus, any miscommunications will always pass down to the juniors and the whole organization will feel the effects at the end. Adams is put in a difficult situation of explaining to her juniors why she had misinformed or rather lied to them. Ethically, Janet has violated her responsibly to pass the right information to the employees working below her. The second Pinocchio would be for breaking the personal trust between her and Adams. Honesty should be the driving factor in any relationship since even the working relationship depends on the personal relationship between employees. This can be seen, when Janet tells Rachael that the company is not going anywhere and that they are there to stay. Here, Janet has created a misleading impression by playing with words thus beating Adams’s wits. Even though Janet had the moral obligation to Ballinger, she equally had a moral obl igation to Adams and the employees under her at large. Alternatively, she would have told Adam of not knowing any information regarding the merger as they waited for the official communication. By being dishonest, she is jeopardizing the company’s reputation at the same time killing the workers’ morale and as such killing the organization. By telling Adam the truth, the faith of the employees to the organization would have been saved thus owning the challenges the organization was facing then. Since the employees feel betrayed now, they would not mind looking for other opportunities

Technology Article Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Technology Article - Assignment Example Bluetooth wireless technology has revolutionized the personal connectivity market as it provides the freedom to connect without using cables or wires. Bluetooth wireless technology has a number of key features including its low cost, robustness, ease-of-use, built in security, ad hoc networking abilities and low power consumption (Bluetooth.com, 2010). Yet another adorable feature with the technology is that quite a number of its core features are optional which therefore allows room for product differentiation. Originally, the technology was thought of as an alternative to data cables (Bluetooth.com, 2010). Bluetooth can be used to connect many devices and has overcome problems related to synchronization. In other words, the technology enables devices to connect remotely and exchange between themselves a variety of data classes. Several products can be fitted with Bluetooth devices. Some of these include digital cameras, Global Positioning System receivers, personal computers, printers, telephones, laptops, mobile phones, high definition watches, stereo headsets, MP3 players, cars and video game consoles just to mention a few. According to Bluetooth SIG (Special Interest Group), the consumer demand for the technology has continued to rise. In 2005, the technology achieved a milestone - shipping five million Bluetooth units per week (Bluetooth.com, 2005). This definitely implies that the technology has significant market traction. Since 1998 when Bluetooth Specification was first released, more than 3400 companies have become Bluetooth Special Interest Group members (Bluetooth.com, 2005). Some of these companies include Microsoft, Motorola, Toshiba, Nokia, Intel, IBM, Agere and Erickson. According to the Zelos Group (2002), the use of Bluetooth has impacted mobile carrier revenue significantly ever since the technology first hit the market. The group predicted that Bluetooth, in 2006, would

A Gamma Rays Report Biology Essay

A Gamma Rays Report Biology Essay Have you ever know that Gamma-ray bursts can release more energy in 10 seconds than the Sun will emit the same amount of energy in its entire 10 billion-year lifetime? Have you ever believed that a Gamma-ray is actually the most energetic and most active photon in the electromagnetic spectrum? As a matter of fact, scientists believe that a gamma-ray burst will occur once every few million years in the Milky Way, but has it ever came to your mind that a gamma ray burst is the MOST powerful known explosion in the galaxy?http://www.astrocappella.com/images/GRBposter.jpg Well, Gamma-rays are extremely high frequency waves that have very small wavelengths and carry the largest amount of energy in the entire electromagnetic spectrum. In fact, these waves are produced by radioactive atoms as well as nuclear explosions. Because Gamma-rays pass through almost any material and are very difficult to stop, one may need a large concentration of lead or concrete in order to block them out and reduce their damage. In fact, Gamma-rays also have the ability to cause serious damage when engaged by living cells due to their extremely high energy substance.http://web.princeton.edu/sites/ehs/osradtraining/radiationproperties/rad1.gif How Gamma-Rays are produced? Gamma rays are obviously part of the electromagnetic spectrum, and are photons, or in other words, packets of energy. The term photon itself means visible light particle, however, photons inside gamma rays are called gamma photons. These photons inside the gamma rays have over a million times more energy than visible light. Gamma rays originate or actually come from the nucleus of an atom, and as a result, are produced when an atom is radioactive and contains too much energy in the nucleus (the center of an atom). Also, when the atom is very active it emits a beta particle, which is an extremely high speed electron or proton that is emitted when an atom is radioactive. However, when the atom emits a beta particle it still contains too much energy, so it emits a gamma photon, or in other words, gamma radiation.C:Documents and SettingsRamzaMy DocumentsMy Picturesgamma.gif Properties: Gamma rays are very high energy ionizing radiations that are part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Gamma photons have absolutely no mass and no electric charges; they are neutral and have 100% pure electromagnetic energy. In fact, Gamma Radiation is a type of energy that has a very high frequency, and therefore, consists of extremely short wavelengths. Actually, Gamma Rays can travel at the speed of light due to their high energy levels; they can cover thousands of meters before consuming all their energy. Consequently, gamma photons can pass almost any type of material that includes human tissue. For instance, lead is used as a shield to slow down or stop gamma photons. Uses Gamma rays, which are basically electromagnetic radiations discharged by radioactive or atomic decay, are used in many purposes, from killing cancerous cells to measuring soil density. Even though Gamma rays contain some cancer-causing properties, they are somehow used to treat some types of cancer. As a matter of fact, in the procedure called gamma-knife surgery, different beams of gamma rays are actually directed on the growth (the cancerous cells) in order to kill them. Well, first of all, Gamma rays are used for many treatment purposes, mainly for killing tumors, cancer cells and other malignant cells in the human body. In fact, a tracer, which is in other words, a radioactive substance, is put inside the human body, and its path (trace) inside the body is then followed. A special gamma camera uses those rays to build up a picture, and this picture gives the doctor an excellent and complete vision of what he is treating and dealing with. The patient gets a very small dose of the radiation and, therefore, does not suffer greatly. Secondly, Gamma Rays are used in sterilizing medical equipment by actually killing the bacteria. They are also used to kill bacteria, microbes and insects in foodstuffs, mainly meat and vegetables, basically to maintain freshness. Furthermore, gamma rays are used to gauge thickness of metals in steel mills, measure and control flow in liquids in industrial processes, as well as provide very interesting images of the universe. Finally, Gamma rays have also disclosed huge information about the structure of the atomic nucleus, as they actually interact with substance by different separated elementary processes.C:Documents and SettingsRamzaMy DocumentsMy Picturesradiotherapy.jpg Effectshttp://gymjunkies.com/images/vegetables.png As a matter of fact, Gamma radiation is the most penetrative type of energy known; gamma rays can get past even some of the densest and thickest materials, making them both a great benefit as well as a hazard. Because the photons that cover up gamma radiation are so energetic, their effect on human health is indeed extremely deep. Effects of gamma rays are well-known to everybody from treatment of nuclear fallout. In fact, close contact with radioactive materials of a significant size causes damage to skin tissue and deaths are also very likely. Normally, burns occur more or less directly, while nausea, fatigue and vomiting take hours to become visible after the exposure. Unfortunately, the burn is very painful and deep. Hair loss and bleeding may take up to months to start heeling and actually return to normal again. In fact, Gamma rays are generally recognized to be the most physically major grate by which ionization radiation causes cancer as well as heredity disease. http://www.a nimatedsoftware.com/environm/no_nukes/tenw/page568.gif In conclusion, Gamma-rays have the shortest wavelengths, highest frequencies, and, as a result, are the most powerful and energetic form of light in the universe. As mentioned above, it has the most energy of any other wave in the electromagnetic spectrum. Gamma rays are used to kill cancerous cells, which actually assures the fact that gamma rays are an advantage to medicine, but, at the same time could be very harmful indeed. Actually, Gamma radiation is the most penetrative type of energy known currently; it can get past even some of the densest substances, making them both a great benefit as well as a hazard.C:Documents and SettingsRamzaMy DocumentsMy PicturesPicture%204_43.png Quotes about Gamma Rays In general, the objects in the universe that are very high-energy objects, or the processes that are high-energy processes, will radiate more in the short wavelength range towards the gamma rays or the x-rays. Claude Nicollier The first stage had been all over before the doctors even knew they were dealing with a new sickness; it was the direct reaction to the bombardment of the body, at the moment when the bomb went off, by neutrons, beta particles, and gamma rays. John Hersey Gamma was a logical progression after doing the Open Fire record. Ronnie Montrose I turned my attention for a while to gamma ray astronomy and soon began the first in a continous series of experiments at the Savannah River site to study the properties of the neutrino. Frederick Reines In this case, the particle formed has correspondingly less energy, whereas the product nucleus passes into the ground state with emission of the quantity of energy saved as gamma radiation. Walther Bothe Our border patrol does a great job under these very dangerous conditions. They use very sophisticated equipment, including gamma rays, to detect drugs and illegal immigrants as they enter the U.S. Timothy Murphy Read more: http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/keywords/gamma.html#ixzz1EdKeRyfQ Citation Website Mark. Gamma Rays | Radiation Protection | US EPA.  US Environmental Protection Agency. Us Government, 1 Oct. 2010. Web. 12 Feb. 2011. . Thompson, Martin J. What Is a Gamma Ray?  WiseGEEK: Clear Answers for Common Questions. IND, INC, May-June 2028. Web. 10 Feb. 2011. . Moss, Jennifer M. The Electromagnetic Spectrum: Gamma Rays.  Andy Darvills Science Site: Home. Google, Jan. 2006. Web. 21 Feb. 2011. . Liam S. Gamma Ray Quotes Science Quotes Dictionary of Science Quotations and Scientist Quotes.  Today In Science History. Web. 21 Feb. 2011. . Book Schonfelder, Volker. 5.  The Universe in Gamma Rays. Berlin [u.a.: Springer, 2001. Print.

The Three Branches of the U.S. Federal Government Essay -- United Stat

The Three Branches of the Federal Government There are three branches of the federal government, the executive, the judicial, and the legislative. The executive branch consists of such people as the president, the cabinet, and the executive offices of the president. The executive branch is known for enforcing laws created by the legislative branch. The judicial branch entails the United States Supreme Court and the Federal Judiciary. The judicial branch must review the laws the executive branch is to enforce. There is also the legislative branch. This branch contains the United States House of Representatives, the United States Senate, and the Library of Congress. Laws are created through the legislative branch. The basic idea between the creation of the three branches is based upon â€Å"checks and balances.† No branch should become so powerful that it over-takes either of the other branches. This also brings out the point that neither one of these branches, nor any person holding office in one of them, can exercise power belonging to either of the others. The legislative branch creates the laws, the judicial branch reviews the law, and then the executive branch enforces the laws. All three branches are interrelated, each branch overlaps but serves separate purposes. The main powers of the executive branch rest with the President of the United States of America. Powers granted to him by the constitution include serving as commander in chief of the armed forces; negotiating treaties; appointing federal judges, ambassadors, and cabinet officials; and acting as head of state. The president also has a cabinet which includes officials such as the attorney general and the secretaries of State, Treasury, Defense, Interior, Agricu... ...ve. The legislative branch deals with the people, not directly, but in similar terms. The judicial branch could be considered the most democratic because the judicial branch is set-up to protect the people and their rights. While the legislative branch speaks for the people, the judicial branch protects the people. The executive branch does a combination of both the judicial branch and the legislative branch; however, it doesn’t focus solely on one power or the other. The executive branch works for the people, at the same time protecting the people. The executive branch has the power to veto bills and laws passed by the Congress, and the executive branch sees the laws through. All the branches, however democratic, are set-up for the people and to carry out the public’s will. If any of the branches were unable to do so, the system would not have survived 200 years.

Cat Dissection Structures Essay

Healthy kidneys make hormones such as renin and angiotensin. These hormones regulate how much sodium (salt) and fluid the body keeps, and how well the blood vessels can expand and contract. This, in turn, helps control blood pressure. They do this by regulating: †¢ The amount of water in the body. If there is too much water in the body (fluid overload) blood pressure will go up. If there is too little water in the body (dehydration) the blood pressure will drop. †¢ The width of the arteries. The arteries constantly change in width as blood flows through them. The narrower the arteries, the higher the blood pressure. Renin helps control narrowing of the arteries. Failing kidneys often make too much renin. This raises blood pressure. If your blood pressure is high, your heart is working harder than normal to pump blood through your body. High blood pressure (also called hypertension) caused by a breakdown in these functions is common in people with kidney failure. It is also a complication, a secondary condition caused by kidney failure. †¢ RBC production? o The urinary system controls red blood cell production by secreting the hormone erythropoietin. . What structures enter or exit at the hilum of the kidney? †¢ Ureters, renal blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves enter and exit at the hilum Know the anatomy of the kidney so that you could recognize the following parts from a description or on a diagram: capsule, hilum, renal artery, renal vein, ureter, cortex, medulla, papillae, renal columns, minor and major calyces, renal pelvis. The Kidney is bean-shaped and located in the lumbar region of the body. The kidney is described as being Retroperitoneal-that is, it is located between the dorsal body wall nd the parietal peritoneum. 1. An average human kidney weighs about 5 ounces. 2. Sitting on top of each kidney is a single adrenal gland that essentially has no influence on the kidney. B. The Renal Hilum-vertical cleft on the medial surface of the kidney, that leads into an internal space within the kidney known as the Renal Sinus. 1. The ureter, the renal blood vessels, lymphatics and nerves all join each other at the hilum and occupy the renal sinus. C. There are Three Layers of Support Tissue Surrounding each kidney. The layers are: 1. The Fibrous Capsule-a capsule-like layer that prevents infections in surrounding regions from spreading to the kidney. 2. The Perirenal Fat Capsule-a thick layer of adipose tissue that attaches the kidney to the posterior body wall and cushions it against blows. 3. The Renal Fascia-an outer layer of fibrous connective tissue that anchors the kidney and adrenal glands to surrounding tissues.   Three Distinct Internal Segments in the Human Kidney: 1. The Renal Cortex-light colored, superficial region of the kidney. This area has a granular appearance. . The Renal Medulla-a dark red or brown colored region in the kidney. The medulla contains cone-shaped areas known as the Medullary or Renal Pyramids. a. The base of each pyramid faces towards the cortex and the apex (Papilla) points internally. b. The pyramids contain bundles of microscopic urine-collecting tubules and capillaries. Structures known as the Renal Columns separate the pyramids from each other. c. Each pyramid and its surr ounding tissue makes up one of eight lobes of a kidney. 3. The Renal Pelvis-a funnel-shaped tube that is continuous with the ureter leaving he hilum. a. Branching extensions of the Pelvis form two or three Major Calyces, each of which subdivides to form several Minor Calyces. b. The Minor Calyces are cup-shaped areas that enclose the papillae of the pyramids. 1) The calyces collect urine, which drains from the papillae, and empty into the renal pelvis. The urine then flows through the renal pelvis and into the ureter which moves it to the bladder where it is stored. 2) Smooth muscle lines the walls of the calyces, the pelvis and the ureter. Urine is pushed through these areas via peristalsis. In what part of the kidney are most of the nephrons located? Renal Cortex 4. Blood supply of the kidney: †¢ Branch of aorta that enters kidney is the renal artery, which divides several times as it moves toward the cortex. †¢ At the base of the renal pyramids, the arcuate arteries branch into interlobular arteries that branch into afferent arterioles that deliver blood to the glomerulus. †¢ The efferent arterioles exit the glomerulus and give rise to the peritubular and vasa recta capillaries surrounding the renal tubule. Secretion and reabsorption occurs between the tubule and bloodstream in these capillaries.

A Different View essays

A Different View essays Terrorism is defined as a systematic use of terror as a means of coercion. To enforce political or common values on the Iraqi citizens, could that be considered terrorism? Who is the culprit, the military or the Iraqi citizens who crowd the streets? I will discuss whether or not the U.S.A is committing crimes of terrorism by enforcing their style of government on the Iraqi citizens. In addition, how the Iraqi citizens have grown weary and begun to form fierce mobs that crowd the streets ending with who are the real victims military or Iraqi citizens On May 13, 2004, our reconnaissance unit was patrolling the Iraqi border, just about five miles outside of the city. The sky is orange from the rays of the sun and the hot desert sand thats covering my jungle boots. The water is as thick as mud as it goes down my throat; explosion and gunfire are becoming to sound like the latest music. We are now approaching the city where crowds of at least three hundred people are forming picking up massive rocks, guns ,and sticks while chanting fiercely go home we dont need any help. Sergeant strong and powerful had a look of fear that shadowed his face; the unit was in a state of shock. A kid no older than thirteen years ran up to me laughing and chanting I asked him why. He told me an answer that, in our country no thirteen year old would care he said Americans try to change us and make us follow their ways, they call us terrorists, but theyre coming in our country, running tanks down the street who are the real terrorists. I was shock stan ding there holding a M-16 in the middle of their town hall. When I caught, a reflection of myself in their clothing store I wanted to immediately drop the rifle. Suddenly, a massive rock is thrown down from the rooftop, hitting my captain directly on top of his helmet, causing him to instantly drop to his knees; luckily, he was wearing a helmet prev ...

The Bodys Response To Stress And How Do We Deal With It The WritePass Journal

The Bodys Response To Stress And How Do We Deal With It Introduction The Bodys Response To Stress And How Do We Deal With It Introduction Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis (HPA)Seyles General Adaption Syndrome  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kiecolt- Glasers Exam StudyProblem-focused method of copingThe emotion-focused way of copingConclusionReference:Related Introduction Stress is a psychological and physical response of the body that occurs whenever we must adapt to changing conditions. And a stressor is the stimulus that brings about the stress response. For example, if you are scared of flying, airports may be a stressor for you. Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal Axis (HPA) The stress response begins in the brain in an area called the hypothalamus, this is the point at which the perception of stress by higher brain centres begins a major physiological change in the body, it does this by stimulating 2 biological mechanisms. The first is called the Hypothalamic Pituitary Adrenal system (HPA). When a stressor   is detected,   the higher brain centre send signals to hypothalamus telling it to ready the body for action. The hypothalamus does this by communicating with another part of the brain called the pituitary gland, stimulating it to release adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH). ACTH is detected in the bloodstream by the adrenal cortex, and in response it releases further hormones called the corticosteroids. There are a number of corticosteroids each having specific effects on the body, like causing liver to release glucose, fatty acids and cholesterol for extra energy needed during stress. When the corticosteroids are detected by the brain it has th e effect of switching off the stress response. Sympathetic Adrenalmedullary Axis (SAM) For the sympathetic adrenal medullary axis (SAM), when the hypothalamus activates the sympathetic nervous system, which is a part of the autonomic nervous system, it stimulates a gland in the body called the adrenal medulla to release 2 hormones called adrenaline and noradrenaline into the bloodstream, these hormones have wide-ranging effects but mainly to increase blood pressure and heart rate. Seyles General Adaption Syndrome  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Han Selye(1940) developed a theory which has helped us understand how and why stress leads to illness. He subjected animals to a variety of stressors such as injection,   poison or extreme temperature and found that a similar pattern of physical responses could be observed, and divided them into three different stages. At stage 1 which is the alarm stage, stressor is perceived, HPA and SAM are activated, heart rate and blood pressure therefore increase.Stage 2, the resistant stage, the level of stress-related hormones and bodily arousal are remaining high n finally, at the final exhaustion stage, long period of stress   (chronic stress) eventually exhaust the bodys   defense system and its ability to maintain high levels   of circulating stress hormones, stress related illness may develop. There has been an increasing body of evidence supporting a relationship between long-term stress and cardiovascular disease, 2 of the biggest risks are high blood pressure and coronary hea rt disease. Kiecolt- Glasers Exam Study Research on a wide variety of stressors has shown that stress can reduce the effectiveness of the immune system. Kiecolt- Glaser et al (1984) has done an experiment on stress and the immune system. The aim of the experiment is to see whether external stress can have an impact on the immune system. They did it by collecting samples of 75 medical students on 2 different occasions. First, blood samples was taken at one month before their examinations, which is a relatively low stress time and secondly, during the examinations. The researchers looked at each of the blood samples and calculate the natural killer cell content. The more natural killer cells, the more efficient the immune system. Finally they found that the blood samples taken during the exams were much lower in NK cells than the samples taken a month earlier. One of the drawbacks of this experiment is that it had a causality problem, we cannot conclude that the stress caused the reduction in the immune system. Moreover, there may be a sampling bias, the participants are students n it is possible that they may respond to stress differently than some other types of people. However, being a natural experiment this study has high validity and there are likely to be few or no demand characteristics, though control of extraneous variables was not possible. Problem-focused method of coping The methods of coping with stress can be distinguished into emotion-focused and problem-focused methods of coping. The problem focused way deal with stress by treating it as a problem and actively engage with it. This includes anticipatory coping by gaining information about what makes us stressed and develop a plan of action to help us deal with it, and seeking social suport, pit means identify events in the environment that are either causing or likely to trigger stress, then we can take practical steps to avoid or better deal with it. SIT, the stress inoculation training is developed by Meichenbaum (1972) , its a psychological method of dealing with stress by restructuring how we think about events. First the client is encouraged to reappraise stress, the therapist discusses the nature of stress   with the client and explores stressful experiences that the client had in the past. Secondly the client is taught various ways of coping with stress, these would be quite specific and include general strategies such as relaxation. In the final phase clients are encouraged to apply their training to the real world. The stressors may be graded and gradually increase in intensity. Meichenbaum then wanted to investigate how effective his own SIT treatment was. So he studied anxious pre-exam students and placed them in three different conditions which are 8 weeks of SIT, 8 weeks of systematic desensitisation, and the controlled group which had no therapy at all. The efficiency of SIT was evaluated through exam performance and self reports by participants. So simply, if the students felt it has been sucessful and they performed well in exams, SIT was judged to have worked. Finally he found that the SIT group gave the most positive self-reports and outperformed the other students in exam. Some drawbacks of this study is that self-reports are not necessarily reliable , just because a person feels that something has not worked does not mean they receive no benefits from i t. Moreover the study does not address â€Å"optimum treatment period†, so we cannot be sure which of the method is best, only that SIT worked better than systematic desensitisation if a treatment period of 8 weeks is used. Although SIT is neither a quick, easy or cheap method to mange stress, it is flexible and the benefits of it can be long term. The emotion-focused way of coping The emotion-focused method is one that provides stressed person with relief from their symptoms. Some of the techniques are defence mechanisms, which is a way of blocking out the stress, or they may choose to reappraise it, which means simply changing the way they feel about the situation. Drugs is also the common physiological method to use. The most widely used prescribed drugs today are benzodiazepines and beta-blocker. They are quick acting, but do not treat the cause of problem, they may also have side effects n cause addiction too. Conclusion In conclusion, the problem focused strategies aim to change, alter or even remove the stressful problem, while emotion-focused aim to control or regulate the feelings a person is having. It has no a very satisfying answer of which one is better than the other, each has its strengths n weaknesses and each works best in different situations. Different people with different personalities and characteristics can react differently to stress, so which method of coping to choose is depend on numbers of factors, gender, age, and even wealth may also matter! Reference: NHS nhs.uk/Conditions/Stress/Pages/Introduction.aspx New 2008 AQA A Specification AS Level Psychology, Nigel Holt and Rob Lewis, Crown House Publishing Limited Coping with stress   helpguide.org/mental/stress_management_relief_coping.htm

Depends on the movie Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Depends on the movie - Coursework Example The most crucial query is your comfort and preference, disregarding common stereotypes and prejudices. This main idea is set forth in rather extraordinary movie The Kids are All Right by Lisa Cholodenko, which tells the story about untraditional married couple. With a help of artificial insemination, Nic and Jules have managed to build full and amicable family, raising two children, eighteen-year-old Joni and fifteen-year-old Laser. The stated movie shows the availability of alternative ways of reproduction, implying today’s solutions and possibility to have kids in same-sex union. The statement of Paul Hatfield, a donor that appears in family’s life so abruptly, saying, â€Å"I loved the idea of helping people, who were in need† (Horowitz, 2010), accentuate mutual assistance and support, which people have to give each other more frequently. Though in nineteen-year-old age Paul’s intentions, obviously, could be called mercenary, because he admits the role of maternal factor, however, being a grown-up person, Mister Hatfield realizes the importance and nobility of his deed, calling to follow his example. Relationships within the family seem to be quite ordinary. Being too serious and demanding all the time, Nic plays the role of the head that makes decisions and gives pieces of advice.

John Rawls - Political Liberalism - Choose 1 out of 2 suggested topics Essay

John Rawls - Political Liberalism - Choose 1 out of 2 suggested topics - Essay Example The idea explains political liberalism in a democratic society. It is evident that, in a democratic society, each person’s world view is valid and acceptable. The confusion here is that, if each person’s opinion of the world is diverse, it is a miracle how they live in the same society, sharing common laws. The idea of public reason explains how the society is able to maintain political liberalism. It shows that the public reason plays an important role in ensuring constitutional democracy. Below is a description of the connection between public understanding and political liberalism, which also illustrates its role in the constitutional democracy. Rawls’ political liberalism is all about the liberal conception of the role of justice. Rawls argues that because the society has competing conceptions of the good, the government should be neutral when it comes to support such conceptions. This is where he develops the idea of public reason, to explain the existence of political liberty even with the existence of different people with different views and beliefs. A political liberty comes with a democratic society, but within a democratic society, people still have to be coerced to specific laws. One law for so many people, yet they have differences. Rawls uses public reason to explain how it ensures constitutional democracy (Rawls 213). In order to understand how public reason helps a society achieve political liberty, it is important to describe what it is, as conceptualized by Rawls. It is also essential to comprehend what a democratic society means. A democratic society is a free society. A free society is composed of citizens with dissimilar worldviews. People have different conceptions about what is wrong or right; people have different religious beliefs, and people value various forms and pursuits of interpersonal relations. Democratic people will have different aims in life and will want to act according to their beliefs, yet in a

Economy of Finland Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 9000 words

Economy of Finland - Coursework Example This led to movements for independence and self assertion on the part of Finland as early as the First World War. In this regard, the relationship between the Soviet and Finland remained inconsistent, until Finland declared itself independent in 1912, following an upheaval by the Bolsheviks. This was a period when the Finnish German ties were looking up. Following Soviet aggression as well as expeditions in Finland in order to capture it, the Soviet began diplomatic negotiations with Finland in April, 1938. This was done basically to avert the possibility of a Finnish attack on Leningrad with the help of British or German backing. It was in this period that Soviet German ties were forged with the help of a non aggression pact in 1939. A similar non aggression pact had been signed between Finland and the Soviet in 1934, which was to be re affirmed after a decade. Yet, the hostilities began soon after with Ariel attacks, military expeditions as well as naval attacks between the two countries. While the fall of Soviet Communism was hailed by many as the beginning of good times, there are parallel theories that point towards the failure of democracy to take off completely. What must be considered here, is the emergence of the following in Finland after the fall of Communism: While not A Westward looking trend Conception of and Alliance with the European Union and NATO Parliamentary Democracy with the help of a constitution Stable market forces Globalization Privatisation of Banks Green Politics Emergence of global industrial players to make use of Social and Industrial Capital. This paper will discuss all these points in order to understand how Finland has grown and can continue to grow at an even higher growth rate in all areas - social, political and economic. Chapter 3 Change in Finnish Strategy Globalization While not so different from traditional villages in its desire to engage in a free exchange of ideas, the global village is one that thrives on the communication and transportation infrastructure that seems to be binding the world into one 'large, happy family'. This has been the foremost policy of Finland after Communism. What had started out as a speculation on the part of Marshall McLuhan in the 1960s, regarding the fact that the world was being transformed into a "global village" in the face of TV and new telecommunication technologies, has become a debate of much greater dimensions. His prediction has gone past mere "telecommunication technologies", to an arena where a new wave of digital technologies personified by the Internet and its offshoots, are proving to be as much a force for diversity as they are for similitude. While the spread of TV, radio and the telephone helped transform the third world countries to a great extent; a trend furthered by the advent of cell phones - the impact of the Internet has been